I think your interpretation is a bit tightly wound - in this case, you're not paying for the link, you're paying for a membership into the Chamber of Commerce. That you get a link is a bi-product, and it is not 'what you pay for', there's much more to the CoC than web links. I'm sure you're correctly quoting something from somewhere, and I'm not going to bother to do the research to debate in quote format about it.  I'm just letting you know, in all my experience in SEO client sites, that purchasing a membership in the Better Business Bureau, the Chamber of Commerce or a long list of other legitimate local business directories, that these links seem to have a very positive affect on SERPs. But maybe I'm just getting lucky.
In the end, there's no need for confusion. Experiment and see what happens. That's what makes SEO so fun!

In my years of experience I would say the folks behind the algorithms are pretty good at distinguishing between paid link-farms that are devoid of any real world value and legitimate directories where payment is required as a part of membership towards which the weblink is only one minor facet.

Said differently , membership in legitimate business associations that happen to have a web component is an SEO positive.
The various additional incoming and outgoing web linkage, also from businesses or domains of prominent authority,  probably further verifies to the search algorithms the difference between the two groups.
For example, I recently purchased links in various medical association directory buyer guides. This may have had a significant positive effect on rankings. Or, maybe it was the other 5 major improvements I made in the same week. But my gut tells me it was the additional incoming links from these very prestigious and directly business related groups that made a positive nudge.