It's sounds like you have a pretty good idea of what happened. The reason that Google is not emailing you in the GWMT interface to keep from giving away too much of their recipe.
It sounds like you are already thinking about the links you contracted. I would review the work you have done (or had done) on this site and review if it was the best practice and how easy the footprint would be for Google or another search engine to hone in on.
If you are not completely sure what was done or what got indexed you might want to review a tool like:
http://ahrefs.com/ or the link analysis on top pages vs yours with the SEOMOZ link tool.
Good Luck