Bernadette, many thanks for the reply.
This is a very tricky issue, and I'm still very confused. If I go to dresses and then 'red' i get a set of products, if i go dresses and then 'blue' i get a different set of products so I cannot see any potential for duplication there. All of these products may appear on other pages in small numbers - for example one of the red dresses would appear in the lace dress filter as it is a red lace dress, however, the other 15 dresses on that page would not match the red dress page.
There are about 250,000 products in the store, so while products will appear under several attributes, the chance of the same 16 products appearing on the same page for multiple attributes is tiny. I guess this is why I'm thinking there wouldn't be a need for a canonical tag as no page is really duplicating any more than a tiny % of another. There is only one way to access the list of products on any one page.
If i borrow Amazon as an example - would rather not share my url at the moment as it isn't 100% finished. On amazon we have a page for Black Prom Dresses at https://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=sr_nr_p_n_size_two_browse-_0?fst=as%3Aoff&rh=n%3A83450031%2Cn%3A!425571031%2Cn%3A!425573031%2Cn%3A9780907031%2Cp_6%3AA3P5ROKL5A1OLE%2Cp_n_size_two_browse-vebin%3A1946173031&bbn=9780907031&ie=UTF8&qid=1476896938&rnid=1836991031&lo=clothing (whoa that's a big url!) with the canonical tag of https://www.amazon.co.uk/Prom-Dresses-Edit-Black-Clothing/s?ie=UTF8&bbn=9780907031&page=1&rh=n%3A83450031%2Cn%3A!425571031%2Cn%3A!425573031%2Cn%3A9780907031%2Cp_6%3AA3P5ROKL5A1OLE%2Cp_n_size_two_browse-vebin%3A1946173031" />
If we go to red dresses we have a url https://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=sr_nr_p_n_size_two_browse-_0?fst=as%3Aoff&rh=n%3A83450031%2Cn%3A!425571031%2Cn%3A!425573031%2Cn%3A9780907031%2Cp_6%3AA3P5ROKL5A1OLE%2Cp_n_size_two_browse-vebin%3A1946185031&bbn=9780907031&ie=UTF8&qid=1476897017&lo=clothing
Both of these two sets of dresses were reached by going Dresses and then clicking on the colour filter. Both have unique urls. This is pretty much the same situation as my site - the products on each of those pages is different so is not a duplicate of any other page on the site, so would they really need that canonical tag?
I'm not sure if I have managed to confuse myself. My understanding of the canonical tag is that it is to be used if you have the same, or very similar content on more than one page. You point all versions to just one page to avoid duplicate content penalties and to make one page have all the links which might point to alternative versions. Therefore, if the page isn't a duplicate of another, is the tag really necessary
Thanks, Carl