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When checking searches yourself on google add to the end of the url "&pws=0" (without the quotes) to cancel out you "Personal Word Search"
Personally I have found the tracker to be right 90% of the time and according to this article:
8% of ranks can fluctuate in a day.
And if anything the rank tracker would be a day behind, (remember it only checks once a week)
Yes same thing a happen to me with a site, tracking code was in twice, so bounce dropped to 1% 2%.
Back on topic, under 30% would be good/v.good I would say
Also use the www.opensiteexplorer.org and Link Anchor Text, to see what keywords they are actually targeting
you need to install wordpress on to you domain like any other CMS. Wordpress offer blogs on their own domain, but its much better to have it hosted locally as EGOL has said.
in facebook insights, "like button" and then "popular pages" you can see what pages got liked over a time frame. But I can't get it to show any more than a 3 months time frame.
I'm sure there ,must be a better way....
You have to submit to googles Merchant Center a txt file with all your products. It has to be formatted in a certain way, but zen-cart (which is a spin-off of osCommerce) has a module for it that exports you product in the correct format for google:
http://www.zen-cart.com/index.php?main_page=product_contrib_info&products_id=473
We can't access you personal campaigns.
No need to "fix " Canonicals, they are a good thing. Basicly if you have dupe pages the dupe pages all link back to the original article so google knows which article is the original.
Basicly the blue parts of the report are notes, yellow is warning (may or may not be a bad thing), Red is critical (bad)
I asked a similar question a while ago
http://www.seomoz.org/q/monitor-site-loading-speeds
yottaa.com met my needs (but was not the only option)
I would also add that the Google Keyword Tool can be way off the mark at times, giving you much higher numbers that the exact word gets, so giving good keyword terms low figures. That has been my experience when doing research with for keywords in niche (google.ie), but I have heard other say the same.
Still its good way to get a few ideas for keywords and there numbers.
Also I agree exact is way more usefully (broad can be useful at times)
I used AceSEF for a few joomla sites I have built, does the job but can't really comment how good it is compared to the others. The free version puts backlinks/ads on your page, but since it GPL you can go in and remove the links from the code.... if you know where to look 
edit: the real problem is finding if its compatible with the other extensions you are using, or if the seo mod you use has an add on for that extensions, and how much that cost.
Before you changed the file back did you see the last time it was modified? might give you a clue what happened. As Alan said check other files have not been changed (malware/hacked) again checking the modified dates gives you a clue ( files you know have not been touched having a recent modified date, all the files having the same modified date... etc)
As long as google credits your site as the original author of the content ie google crawls your site before it crawls the site that copied the content. So yes it will penalize them.