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Not sure, there is already a (data) valid answer to this, but maybe this gives you a clue:

if you +1 something, Google should normally know, who you are, what you searched for and how you reached the page.

So in a first layer - the +1 should only be really important for that specific page and its verbatim.

Given that a site generates a lot of +1s for different pages in time and in a specific topic (soccer shoes, basketball shoes, and so on) the positive ranking of those subpage could/should be inherited by the upper roots...and finally by the root domain.

But that's just my assumption on how I expect Google to handle this - there is no real data available out there yet...

I am actually stil waiting for the final lists to ensure a comparable search result "study".

Regarding subdomains & worst approach:

thats whats confusing me (maybe due to my newbie status with seomoz): The domain authority for the TLD is lower than the ones for the subdomains. I actually figured this to be a hint, that subdomains do inherit this from the root domain.

But I hope to be able to tell you more in 2-3 weeks, when I have those lists ready and can compare the search workds/phrases over all countries.

Actually I have a very similar issue, but already some data, that unfortunatly does not help me (as I just started with seomoz).

My issue is sub-domain, TLD or folder - and yes, brazil is one of my targets as well.

For European countries I had already set up subs and 1 tld where a sub redirects to...I know that i still got some work to do, so don't hit me for that - thats what I am here for

SeoMoz tells me this in the report:
Domain / Page Authority / Page MozRank / Page MozTrust / Domain Authority / Domain Moz Rank / Domain MozTrust

Root (.com) / 46 / 5.45 / 5.37 / 36 / 5.45 / 5.37

sub / 16  / 4.67 (all subs have this) / 5.09 (all) / 36 / 4.67 / 5.09

Genuine TLD (sub 301ed) / 31 (!) / 4.67 / 5.09 / 26 (!) / 4.67 / 5.09

This genuine TLD has about 8 times as much links pointing to it (its older and was "alive") as the subs have (so far), but it actually lacks domain authority while it outperforms the subs in page authority.

I'd be really one happy guy, if someone could explain to me the real pros and cons for the useage of subs, folders and genuine tlds per country for SEO.

Not sure, there is already a (data) valid answer to this, but maybe this gives you a clue:

if you +1 something, Google should normally know, who you are, what you searched for and how you reached the page.

So in a first layer - the +1 should only be really important for that specific page and its verbatim.

Given that a site generates a lot of +1s for different pages in time and in a specific topic (soccer shoes, basketball shoes, and so on) the positive ranking of those subpage could/should be inherited by the upper roots...and finally by the root domain.

But that's just my assumption on how I expect Google to handle this - there is no real data available out there yet...