I know I was penalized because search console recorded an overnight drop in impressions/clicks of 75%. Never was a problem before. I didn't need to run Screaming Frog or anything to find links that explain the problem. I just browsed some of the user generated content and then once I realized that Google was crawling javascript generated links it all made sense.
Some of the sites people were liking to included: CheaterLand.com, PredatorsWatch.com, DirtyHomeWreckers.com, EscortBabylon.net, SugarDaddyforMe.com, GFEMonkey.com, EscortBabylon.com, CityXGuide.com, and AdultLook.com.
I think as long as Google respects the robots.txt directives I should be just fine. The redirect page itself is blocked by robots.txt so even if Google finds one of those URLs (ex: https://cyberbullyingreport.com/redirect/?url=https://moz.com/community/q/changing-links-to-spans-with-robots-txt-blocked-redirects-using-linkify-jquery) it shouldn't even follow the 302 since the robots.txt file (https://cyberbullyingreport.com/robots.txt) disallows that directory.