Very open question, campaign process is dependant upon the business model, target audience, budget, and expected outcomes. So it would be vastly different however I assume the questions is trying to ascertain and compare the base processes that would be undertaken and how those are prioritised.
We conduct a lot of time initially gathering and reviewing intel about the business, domain history, WMT, GA etc, I think this is a given for quality process to be established from evidence. How you interpret the priorities from this data depends upon the outcomes you wish to reach, the more competitive and broader the targets the more consideration comes in towards the quality content assets both onsite and creatable. Outreach and Content needs to be thoughtful, creative and above all sharable across Social platforms. So this activity along with other quality linking processes, competitive, keyword and link research are created to bring together both onsite and offsite work we do.
Once you have placed a stake in the ground at the start, we generally see uptrends in traffic and more importantly new customer engagement within a short timeframe, again this is dependant upon what your initial intel work reveals.