I think that was a very general comment, as some pages are crawled very rarly, as for passing pr and signals, it has been confirmed by Matt Cutts that 301's leak goodness

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-matt-cutts-012510.shtml

i would give it another 2 weeks at least, but as i suggested, it may not get back to where it was as a 301 is not as fgood as a direct link

Yes i have done this a few times, and i suggest at least a month or more. 301's do not pass all goodness to the new page they leak a little each time. If you had 301's on the old site already you may of lost them or they maybe double hoping.

Is the old domain name still in search resulst?

As many as it takes to write a good piece on the given subject.

Pages do not need a lot of text to rank, Matt Cutts has stated. but having said that, the more text the more chance of long tails

Yes its seen as too different urls

http://perthseocompany.com.au/seo/reports/violation/the-page-contains-multiple-canonical-formats

If you are uisng a windows server (IIS), you can fix this easy by using the IIS url-rewrite addon. it had a rewite as lowercase preset