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Are these local locations in each of the areas? You will want a local phone number for each business location if you want to be the best in Google's eyes. Using one phone number with multiple addresses will create data confusion in Google's eyes and can adversely affect your Google Plus Local rankings.  You can then add your 800 number to each location as a secondary phone number.

In a nutshell using one phone number is a bad idea.

The new NAP is actually NAP+W (W meaning website). That's what they're teaching at local U Advanced and I agree.  Basically wherever you have a citation you should try to get a link. Everywhere you have a link you can also try to get a citation.

Many citation sources will give you a no follow link but having a mixture of follow and no follow links is natural and good. When you add these citations it may take a while for them to get indexed too. Many of these directories are huge and put your listing deep within them. Long story short... If you are building citations manually (even using the Roboform method in my Moz Post to speed it up) you should have nothing to worry about.

You will be surprised to see how long some citations take to get indexed and then how long they will take to help you. Don't forget to submit your listing to the major data aggregates like Axciom, Localeze, Infogroup etc.