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Issue #1
I'm not sure how else we would use them. The example given above (Gosford, NSW) is about 40KM (or around 20miles) from the page that is ranking (Wyong, NSW). In our business model, these are 2 separate markets. We wouldn't be able to canonical 1 to the other as they are completely separate.

Issue #2
I believe the issue could be because we're displaying "search results" as static pages - this is something that I have my team working towards fixing by having "static" proximity based business listing pages (such as root.com/find/plumbers/state/city/suburb/) and having no-indexed search result pages (such as root.com/search?what=plumbers&where=suburb,state).

The above may even fix issue #1, but I wanted to get some more information from a community as 2 minds are better than 1..

Hi Donna, thanks for your reply.

Issue #1
Neither of the results that Google has indexed when executing the site operator are duplicated pages - we also have canonical URLs setup on all pages to avoid duplicated URLs.

With regards to the Title tags; unless there's a crowd of people agreeing with this, nearly everything I have found to try to prove this has fallen through - it seems having slightly similar title tags with brand name / locales included doesn't affect search results.

Issue #2
I don't believe this is the issue either as the actual pages still exist.

Thanks for your help though! Anything else you come up with, I'm open ears.

We have a variety of issues at the moment, and need some advice.

First off, we have a HUGE indexing issue across our entire website.

Website in question: http://www.localsearch.com.au/

Firstly
In Google.com.au, if you search for 'plumbers gosford' (https://www.google.com.au/#q=plumbers+gosford), the wrong page appears - in this instance, the page ranking should be http://www.localsearch.com.au/Gosford,NSW/Plumbers

I can see this across the board, across multiple locations.

Secondly
Recently I've seen Google reporting in 'Crawl Errors' in webmaster tools URLs such as: 
http://www.localsearch.com.au/Saunders-Beach,QLD/Electronic-Equipment-Sales-Repairs&Sa=U&Ei=xs-XVJzAA9T_YQSMgIHQCw&Ved=0CIMBEBYwEg&Usg=AFQjCNHXPrZZg0JU3O4yTGjWbijon1Q8OA

This is an invalid URL, and more specifically, those query strings seem to be referrer queries from Google themselves: &Sa=U&Ei=xs-XVJzAA9T_YQSMgIHQCw&Ved=0CIMBEBYwEg&Usg=AFQjCNHXPrZZg0JU3O4yTGjWbijon1Q8OA

Here's the above example indexed in Google: https://www.google.com.au/#q="AFQjCNHXPrZZg0JU3O4yTGjWbijon1Q8OA"

Does anyone have any advice on those 2 errors?

We're rebuilding our entire website in angularJS.

We've got it rendering fine in WMT, but does that mean that it's content is detectable?

I've looked into prerender.io and that seems like a great solution to the problem of not seeing any static HTML, but is it really necessary?

I'm looking into this as I'm having the argument currently with my devs, and they're all certain that Google renders angularJS fine.