Well, you’re definitely going to lose your rankings if URLs are changed. Luckily, there’s such thing as 301 SEO redirects that let Google know your pages are being permanently moved to another addresses. As the result, your SEO rankings won’t be affected, even though URL structures will be altered (in your case by adding /product/ part).
If you’re interested in automated migration of your store, I’d recommend you using Cart2Cart. For a moderate additional price, it allows to migrate 301 SEO URLs of categories and products, as well as all your products, customers, orders, review etc automatically, securely and swiftly.
Good luck!