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Think that doesn't matter to much (if your domain is branded). At least I prefer a branded anchor, easier to click and when you change the domain (for whatever reason) the guy who clicks is not wondering to much when he gets redirected to a different domain.
My links on P0 are allways cutted, at least I have some links in the content, seems that it doesn't matter or wont hurt you. For the optimization: Izzy Smith did a pretty useful presentation (https://tech-seo.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Practical-Insights-into-Winning-Rich-and-Featured-Snippets.pdf) and at MOZ of course there are a lot of things about that topic - i love this one: https://moz.com/blog/what-we-learned-analyzing-featured-snippets.
Idk what you mean with Keywordlimit, but maybe the two blue Links will answer your question. Optimization for P0 is less Keyword-thinking, more about get the User Intent and answer the questions.
I was wondering about site/ brand-names added to the title by google to, than I realized that Google is only doing this brandname at the end (and truncated titles to display the brandname completely) for searches that are also including the site or brand name. The same search without the site/brand name shows the usual title tag.
Maybe you should check that.
I head a lot of clients with errors like this, it never caused google not to rank the content...
even seomoz.org is shown when you search it with site-parameter.
No error as long as it is not shown for search queries
1. Disavow should be the last step - i prefer to contact webmasters first. But if you need to disavow, be carefull and do not disavow helpful links.
If you disavow Backlinks and earn new, surely they will be counted.
You can disavow a page, a domain or a subdomain - i bet also directories. If you have disavowed a domain and you get links from that domain, they will not be counted. So better you don't disavow the complete wordpress domain including all subdomains 
ITS Not about loss of Linkjuice. ITS Not cool to Link sitewide in Footer to other Domains and link Back.
My best practice: is the Link clicked by Users .. helpfull 4 Them: nofollow. Is the Link Not clicked or Not helpfull, Just exists to have links: delete
The Page is Not Ranking in mobile searched from Berlin. Didnt checked in Tools.
The subpage is Not optimized to Rank for that querry, the Homepage Not much better. The Footer is more than critical. Extern Links to other Projects sitewide. If those Link Back U have a Problem with links.
I think your focus in General is to much da,Pa,Link based. You have a Lot of Things To-Do onpage. But Clean your footers fast. Than get an SEO tactic wich is Not so much Link based. You dont have a great answer for hotel Bremen. Just to be a hotel in Bremen is Not enaugh.
Goto HRS, booking, TripAdvisor,aso (guess U are). And do local SEO. Should be a quicker win. Search for Hotel Bremen and Look to These few Hotels Google Shows. Give a better answer. Looks a bit Like to old school SEO at the Moment.
Greetings from Berlin and sorry ... German autocorrection
Imo internal Link-structure could help or be a problem, but its hard to say, maybe These Pages are Ranking exactly where they should rank. May be its not necessary to have These categories or they cannibalize, hard to say without Note Info.
Responsible for the Content in These iframes would be the Subdomain. For Google, delivering that Content in iframes is Like serving empty Pages. What you are trying is impossible. Why Not redesign in a usefull CMS, redirect if needed and ready?
There are not a lot of reasons for a better ranking root domain. Möge dir improvement of the help content. Why did u expected a better ranking for the Rest? There was "No" change, Just some new internal links. They have been there before, nur from another URL.
Main Website lost? Thats the Strange Part, if true.
Was it a manual penalty? However - Bad Links are still something you should take care. I asked John Mueller just because I got spammy Links from chinese pages. He said if you know a problem with links, take care - google is not penguin only (penguin would "kill" the links by itselfe).
So make a list with bad links - all the bad links and disavow them. If it was a manual action you need to make a reconsideration request for your page in GSC.
Usefull:
https://moz.com/blog/guide-to-googles-disavow-tool
https://moz.com/blog/google-disavow-tool
Sidewide Footer Links (ideal with Keywordrich Anchor) are awful. Nofollow Links shouldn't be a Problem, so you can ad that in your themes. You could kill them by yourselfe or change the default value for linking to theme author.
There couldn't be any good thing on such a link, so nofollow I think its ok, no link is better 
Thats 2010-SEO and burried long time ago.
For the Links you allready have: You know your Linking-phrase, so:
search the web for that phrase,
sort them by domain,
make a disavow-file with these,
Submit them (thats what I would do)
By the way: Some Theme-Users are not to clever in SEO/Webdesign/Programming - they may simply change your link-class to "display:none" or change the link-color to background color. (I have seen a lot crazy things, including Theme by: zensored cheapest flights
Make BlogPosts just to be able to link to other own-Domains is wasting time and money.
Make Blog Post for Users wich helps answering questions (wich may earn links) is a better idea for a blog. 
The "brilliant Idea" starts wrong, I usually dont think "what can I do for search engines" (Admit - years ago I did, I was young and needed the money :D)
I think you ment changes. And I am not the guy who likes to wait for the best ...
I allways take the "fetch-as-google-option". Best way to see results...
Could not imagine why that should be bad.
Each Product Feature is good to be explained (for the user at least). Linking between different sub-directories in general is not a problem. The only thing what could make a "Problem" is, that your guides are linked a lot better than the rest. I usually ask myselfe: Is that link useful for the user? And if the answer is yes, I care less about possible Problems. I just think twice when it is an external Link.
Additional, for internal Linking - https://moz.com/blog/should-seos-care-about-internal-links-whiteboard-friday
I think it is not necessary to redirect the duplicate domain, just a faster way 2 show that the content is on the original only.
Depending on the topic and competitors, changing the title can make a huge difference and that pretty quickly...
Ive never has that problem (or a client) so i cant say you are punished. I thought google wouldn't punish the original, just the copy - but if they link to each other it may (should) happen.
So - take the replic-domain - redirect everything 301 to the orignial - ask google for indexing the duplicate Pages (complete domain) with Google Search Console. That should work faster than just wait.
If nothing happen, it was something different
i would like to say - so much content you need to describe your category or products to the user.
But it is still working to write a lot of content arround the topic and ask so much questions and fill it up with keywordrich testimonials. That done in the left sidebar makes the content look thin and the products are on top.
Also you can write a lot content above the products - not to much - and just after the products. A lot shops are still working that way.
just to explain what i mean - the #1 result for your topic in germany: zalando(dot)de/yogahose/ - they do it for each category and rank perfectly. Not just because the content, but it may be one reason. They ussually use 300+ Words, mostly 300 and other relevant categries are linked in these 300 words.
Be sure you don't have duplicate content and right canonicals. Take care about your filter and pagination
Redirect 301 and for all pages? So, do you redirected demo.website.com to website.com/demo or everything like demo.website.com/article/post123.html to website.com/demo/article/post123.html
And the question is, maybe both is indexed. google something with inurl:seomoz.org - you would be suprised
Its "just" a Launch with a combined Relaunch
You could use both checklist like https://moz.com/blog/10-things-relaunch-your-website for the relaunch part. Here you could find Redirects and so on.
Additional you could use https://moz.com/blog/starting-over-part-1-a-prelaunch-checklist for the Launch Part (Domain, Server, CMS, ...).
Dont forget part 2 and 3 https://moz.com/blog/starting-over-part-2-launch, https://moz.com/blog/starting-over-part-3-optimize.
Depands on the website, but normally it's not a one man job - a team with a lot of knowledge (ideal in relaunch) should support that job.
It is part of the free version as i mentioned above.
The interface is changing a lot, you can find it right after pages / posts. Where you can change Meta Description and Title. At the Moment (newest YOAST Version) there is on the left side a light-gray "Share-Icon" if you click there, you can edit the social tags.
iframes are not seo "unfriendly" - otherwise Google Maps Embeds or youtube embeds would hurt your websites SEO, thats not the truth. Without example I cant say something about your page, but it is "simple" to make sites with iframes visible.
Create enaugh visible stuff wich is unique an has a lot value arround your iframe. Do your "normal" SEO Stuff and done... Avoid sites with iframes only Thats not so much content.
Maybe you know that all - but someone may not and find that here googling for iframes and SEO. A lot of tools are saying: Your website has a problem, u are using iframes... and less people think about why - they just think: Ok, cut it out.
Yoast SEO Plugin is doing that since years.
You are able to chose a Twitter/OG-image, a separate title and description - for both twitter and OG.
All you need...
For the homepage, pages and posts - for everything. Working in free version...
Poah, images and text in iframes? Thats an SEO-issue right now - and one of the first to fix.
It wouldn't hurt you.
Everything what is providing useful infos for your customer to explain your products and helps him to decide to buy (or not) is great.
You can also ad something like related Products or people also bought (smatphone+smartphone-cover maybe)
I think that could help: https://moz.com/blog/perfecting-onpage-optimization-for-ecommerce-websites
a bit more technically: https://www.stonetemple.com/do-e-commerce-sites-completely-mess-up-their-seo/
You may redirect them 301 to the page wich is now the best answer for the search query. That fixes the problem for the user immediatly.
You can than go to search console and let the bot crawl the url again (fetch as google) - he will see the redirect, you can send it to google.
Make sure your redirection is the best answer.
It's easy to say, if you are the best result for mobiles you will be shown. But thats not the question. The Problem is, if the content is important for desktop-searchers it will be important for mobile-searches to. It could effect a less mobile ranking (when I am right) - if the content is not important, why it exists?
It is not a problem to hide some content or don't show all the content you show on desktop page. How it is in your special case? Watch the mobile and Desktop Rankings. If the missing content is important for ranking, you should see that.
Every Subdomain is a domain with own Domain Autority. In general I would not use sub-domains - in a few special cases it is a good decision, but normally a sub-domain is a new domain starting at zero. I like Landing Pages and Blogs in subfolders wich helps a lot for the existing domains autority.
By the way, links from subdomains du other subdomain (www, etc) are treaded like internal links.
Q:whether having subdomain like this would affect the traffic metric and ineffect affect the SEO and Rankings of our site
A: It would be better if it's a subfolder, but yes it will affect in traffic and that allways could lead you to better rankings
Q: does not affect the increase in domain authority
A: correct
Q:considered as seperate websites
A: yep!
Q: wanted to make sure that it does help in the overall domain
A: Like I said in A one it would be better with a subfolder (special the blog) but it wont hurt you
I know
I just took your language topic to say it rankbrain iproves understanding. Don't thought you excluded other languages rly. Special with such a typical german lastname
When Rankbrain is a factor for rankings in up to 15% of all search querries than it is like a "factor". If Panda is throwing you out of a ranking than it could be a factor and we call it "filter" because he filters you out. Both seems to be an algorithm written some smart people. I think it is not so important to have a name for it - Rankbrain is enaugh. (just thought)
It think we call it factor, because Rankbrain doesn't change a rankingalgorithm, but it may affect how the algo is ranking for your querry. So Rankbrain isn't telling google how it thinks about links or athor factors, thatswhy we don't call it algorithm I guess.
What is an unusual longtail querry? When it starts to be unusual? Whe start to talk to google, we ask questions. Never heard anybody saying: "OK Google! Best Coffee Berlin". Rankbrain is learning and trying to give you the perfect answer. To do it Rankbrain trys to figure out what you really want. When you say "best Coffee Berlin" - what could rankbrain interpret or understand better than good old hummingbird alone would do?
I read that google now can answer negative questions. So if you ask "how can I do ABC without XYZ" and you get the correct answer. before you always got a "how to abc with xyz"-answer.
@rebecca Google is also speaking a solid german - so much better than bing does. An I think there are some more languages - mandarin maybe. But I bet Rankbrain improves the understanding of languages.
Just what I think - believe or read...
agreed -> that could be a way to check.
BTW: I think it is also a question for "brand searches" not only brand mentions. I mean, when people search the brand + Keyword its also needed that google knows the brand
1st - if you don't know - you've got a meta-robots noindex-tag, so the site couldn't be indexed.
2nd- The page with the content you try to add the the hreflang-tag is a frameset.
There is no text, not a single word, just two iframes.
For Google, the frameset is not the page wich it would show in search results, it takes the frame: memoq/current/help-de/memoq_help_title_page.html
(maybe you could ad the right hreflang-tags here to - google has indexed it)
I have never used Framesets, and really never in more than one language.
Maybe anybody has now an idea wich is the best practice for you - for me it's all I ca say about that case
I only would guess that google can figure it out.
Google has to figure out missspelling, that a "mention"-theory could work. I mean, with my domain intenseo.de I get a lot of mentions from people wich ment intenso. I don't sell USB-Sticks, sorry. So google has to figure out whats the topic arround the mention and the brands shouldn't do the same thing. So if (and I don't believe that) google counts each and every mention (whenever in future) and handle it like a link, google has bigger tasks than brands with slidely or complete different Domain-names.
Nearly the same thing - I work in an agency named bitskin - do you know _bitskins_for CS:GO? Bitskin gets a lot (thousends) of mentions from people wich meant bitskins - not bitskin. In both cases it's just one letter...
The point is: "Google is able to" doesn't mean: "Google will treat each mention...."
If Google (will) work(s) with mentions, they will now the fine differences, they know missspelling, what people mean and wich brand is ment. If they wouldn't be sure 200% they won't count - Thats what I think.
If the Penguin is wasn't started in the last few hours, the new "bad" links couldn't have caused a ranking-loss.
If you have bad links and you knew it - disavow them or ask the linking people to delete them. Disavow is a bit pointing Google on a thing they may not have noticed.
If the next penguin isn't a realtime update - you can't recover until the next-one. So if you have bad links (if) you need to get them away quickly - penguin is coming soon.
Go on for link earning by great, shareable & linkable content.
That's hard to do, but the best thing you can do.
Don't know really what you mean... Did you mean the SERP overlay? In that case: total/all external links.
Dont just copy and paste withoutout canonical - thats duplicate content.
I would translate as much as possible just to serve my usuall quality to spain. Why should I do less than I can? I like to do things right - not just do them...
Don't forget international SEO (hreflang a.s.o): https://moz.com/learn/seo/international-seo
Thats what I would do. Maybe I wouldn't have used a new domain - like to use one .. thats me, what are the others thinking?
Be active in relevant communities and share the post there.
@ the beginning you can get a lot in communities and you get the right (interested) audience.
They will like, maybe share and comment in that community - you need to monitor it. I made hmmm 16 likes in two hours that way - just to show a client what to do.
Its working in some topics in germany pretty well - dont know how it would be in your case.
(The banner is really not the best for ads - like moosa said.)
He said I should use the canonical as what it's made for - he said I shouldn't use it as a redirect - I asked if I should/could use a canonical as redirect and he said: it could happen that google starts to think about it: is it a canonical? should it be a 301? Something like that, and he said I should use redirect Was a german Hangout in September/October.
He didn't say anything about link juice - I just thought it should be that way.
A canonical is (guess it was John Mueller who said it) not give you any linkjuice.
He told me in a Webmaster Hangout to use Canonical only for that what it is made for (not for redirects in that hangout-case). Your idea isn't the perfect canonical example.
I would simply redirect everybody (who is not logged in) to a login/sign page. That would be the best thing for the users (UX). You send them to the homepage, wich is not perfect for ux. I would ignore the linkjuice in that case.
thats easy, they are treated like duplicate content because they are.
The only difference is a different image - no text or anything else. There is in the best case (for a bot) only an alt-tag changing. Watch the sites with "browseo" and you will see it.
It's not a great idea to have relevant text in images. Only humans will see that. Write it on your website and add an image without text.
Nice to read: https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/basics-of-search-engine-friendly-design-and-development
by the way, there are a lot of invisble images on that page, invisible for me.
Like [Peter Nikolow](https://moz.com/users/view/397332) said, you need a special sitemap - that one for both like the code above or in his link i guess, or a special mobile sitemap. Your mobile Sitemap is not a mobile Sitemap, the mobile one should look like this:
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:mobile="http://www.google.com/schemas/sitemap-mobile/1.0"><url><loc>http://mobile.yourdomain.com/article100.html</loc></url></urlset>
if there is no difference, why try to do as if?
If the products are similar and the image is the same I usually take the same image.
I don't know the shop and products, but if the products are the same, even the description, content and so on, you should think about using a canonical tag (from an SEO perspective):
https://moz.com/blog/canonical-url-tag-the-most-important-advancement-in-seo-practices-since-sitemaps
Why ever this page: /Edinburgh-driveway-installers.htm is indexed. The mobile friendly test workls on the sites I tested, also the not-indexed-once. So -> the bot see's the mobile version. Alternate and canocials seems to be ok, its just the indexing.
You tried a new sitemap? You should add the mobile url's included alternate in the existing sitemap:
<code><urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><url><loc>http://www.yourdomain.com/page1/</loc></url></urlset></code>
Ok, now I got the questions... sry. I didn't know the answers but I start to google and... I'll be back
I truly believe that the user is one of the most underrated signals.
I wrote that, but I thought: "maybe it is more a reason than we think..."
I've not that much time today, but: **EGOL **has some perfect examples like "hundsmiserabel" (wich is not really used anymore). The language changes, the words get shorter. But thats not the problem here. Just 2 things:
[...] für Kursteilnehmer,dass sie Arabisch lernen möchten. Thats not german, that's anything different... _für Kursteilnehmer,arabisch zu lernen. _Thats a lot better. We allready had that: Bedarf an Menschen, die Arabisch lernen wich is simply not the greatest german ever: Bedarf an Menschen, die Arabisch sprechen. The rest is correct. But... to hard to read:
Algerien, Bahrain, Ägypten, Irak, Jemen, Jordanien, Kuwait, Libanon, Libyen, Marokko, Mauretanien, Oman, Palästina, Katar, Saudi-Arabien, Sudan, Syrien, Tunesien und den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten ^^ in the middle of that phrase I was like, ok letz go back and search another page.
I usually don't count Keywords, but for "arabisch lernen" the my result #1 used that phrase exactly one time! It's really hard to read your stuff to the end. That's - for a language school - not really acceptable. You should make me want to read it.
Thats not the reason why you are not ranking well, just bad for readers.
OK I hope we both speak the same language, but as long as we are on moz I do it in english Otherwise it would be hard for you to optimize that domain...
First, when did you start optimizing? Than, you used a lot of exact match phrases in the content, a bit to much for me when I highlight these words. I think you could link to some pages (like the wiki statistics u cite). You also don't link much intern. You can get a lot of positiv signals by linking intern whenever it fits. You don't have one backlink to that page (not Domain) and thats not normal
I hope you realized, that the page is perfect for "fernstudium arabisch" (I know taht a lot, lot, lot more people are searching for "larabisch lernen") - you got position one on that phrase. You may should search for some other keywords/querries - because arabisch lernen is possible in a lot of ways - apps, in school, books...
The Text isn't perfectly written, not a lot of synonyms/semantic - seems like you tried to build senteces with the exact phrase "arabisch lernen" - Here is what I mean: "steigenden Bedarf an Menschen, die Arabisch lernen" you know thats not correct - what you mean is "steigenden Bedarf an Menschen, die Arabisch sprechen". You put that phrase in a lot of senteces but excluded the h1 and url. Hmmm..
A lot more things are possible
Have you looked to the first 10 Results? Some Domains seem to have a linkprofile wich is really killing. Great Designs a lot benefits. What could you do better?
You may get a lot of visits via socials - actually should be somehting possible with that hashtag: #refugees - I don't know how to build a bridge to learn - but google made it with the G-translator - maybe you could brainstorm.
If you like german answers ^^ gplus in my profile + a lot onpage tipps in german on intenseo-blog, but one thing - you chose a pretty hard topic for a SEO Rookie - really. I think you end up pretty sad - you are challenging spiegel-online and a lot of universitys, i-Tunes and playstore. A well known language school just on position 10... Guess they got a lot more budget than you have - just because I saw there TV Ads... really hard topic, tuff competitors - best luck
An easy way to say something about revenue are goals in analytics. It's pretty easy for clients to tell you, what a conversation or lead is worth for them. So you can easy easy use that with goals in Analytics. Or you need e-commerce tracking - depends on client (https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1037249?hl=en)
Tom Roberts said what you need. In my country (I don't know where u are from, but you said engl. isn't your native language - so it's also not mine) it is pretty hard to tell people, that it is not usefull to see things like ranking positions and earned backlinks. But earned links can be come from anywhere not your active work and rankings are just - like tom said - a point of organic visits.
Here a lot of people think you can rank under silly keywords wich are searched a lot and you can make organic traffic looks good, when u rank under such keywords. When your client understand, that this is simply not the truth, the three points are all you need (Traffic, Revenue, Conversations/leads)
breakdowns like branded vs non branded, mobile vs desktop are possible.
Hope you live in a country, where people know a bit more how internet/search works. I had to refuse potential clients, because they simply don't understand (or even tried or try to believe)
edit: saw that Tim Holmes mentioned mobile so thumb up 4 you tim