I expect you will receive a response from the Moz team by Monday on your other open Q&A / ticket. The person who answers that question may be able to answer this one, or pass your inquiry along to someone who does.
I believe reverse-engineering the PA / DA is pretty straight forward. To the best of my knowledge, the following is true regarding the calculation:
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It is 100% based solely on link data
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OSE is the single data source for the calculation
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there are only a few factors: the PA/DA of any linking pages/sites, the number of links on the page providing the link, the number of links being received by the page/site.
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typical factors known to be used in PR such as relevancy, link location, etc. are not factors in PA/DA
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spam factors are not considered in PA/DA
To the best of my knowledge the above is correct. Only a SEOmoz employee could possibly confirm and I am unsure on their NDA requirements. I would expect their formula is proprietary.
With the above understood, a DA of 30 represents the number and quality of links received for the website. The same applies to PA.
A site with DA of 29: http://www.cheshirecatnarrowboats.co.uk/
A page with PA of 31 http://www.shmoop.com/alice-in-wonderland-looking-glass/cheshire-cat.html
I recognize you are likely aware of the above information and seeking something deeper. I am sharing this information in case it is helpful.