Hi Martin,
I have less of an SEO concern over this than a user experience one. It doesn't sound like a good idea to have different prices for users who come from Google product search. What happens if they return over 24 hours later to purchase the product? Unless there is some type of clear message on the page to indicate that the price is only valid for 24 hours, it will cause a lot of confusion, and even then, it's not the right approach from a business perspective. I've talked a few individuals who had prior experience with mismatched prices in Google and overall, customers are never happy when that happens.
Also, it's okay for a few products to have different prices. However, for the most part, when prices are not matched between product pages and feed data, you're risking Google suspending your feed.
Although, I can understand the reasoning behind this, in general, I think it is far too risky to implement.
Best,
Stephanie