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Google should be the one displaying the locations that are closest to the user. Your addresses should be showing in full if you are marking the locations as storefronts that have real visitors. It really sounds like your locations are not trusted by Google and therefore not being shown and/or being displayed incorrectly.  At a quick glance, "Ultimate Workout Gym and Bootcamp" looks like a highly overstuffed keyword ridden business name. It will be hard to make that name your own. I mean if your name was "Zoobox" it would be pretty easy to establish trusted locations.

Either way, you will need to prove to Google you are a real business at each location by providing trusted and consistent citations. Switching business names repeatedly will not help you here.

Build your community.

If you have maxed out your keyword traffic and are no longer seeing an increase, then focus on keeping the visitors that you are capturing. Keep them engaged and coming back for more. Reach out to them. Get them to sign up for emails and newsletters. Work on repeat visits. Fine tune your content so that time on page grows. Make your content shareable so that visitors will attract more visitors.

I could see linking to an image file itself as useful if the image were larger and you wanted to display it outside of a paragraph of text. Many infographics could qualify for a page of their own. The site would still benefit from traffic and from authority.

Fair enough. If you believe there is a benefit to your users then proceed. Sounds like they are seasonal navigational links and that they could be good for users. But because this tactic could be used to manipulate search, it might still raise flags.

If you are automating these links and they all appear on the same day at the same time with the "Exact same fantastically keyword stuffed anchor text" then it will look suspicious. If these are links pointing to a uniquely titled event, "November SEO Evangelist Raleigh" and the news is published casually in content over a few days after the original announcement then it will look less suspicious. Especially if the each publication adds in some additional commentary about the event that makes it useful for each site's distinctive audience.

As with everything SEO, test it out. You should know fairly quickly if you get an algo penalty. You should also know fairly quickly if users are finding the links useful. I would certainly "NoFollow" the links.

You are looking at site structure. You want it to make sense and you want to link from the broad subject down to the specifics. Example:  Shoes > Women's Shoes > High Heels > Brand Name High Heel Shoe

The reciprocal linking in the content of each page can become confusing if your Shoes page is linking anchor text "High Heel shoes" to the High Heels page, while the High Heels page is linking to anchor text "shoes" back to the  shoes page. I believe that the best way to establish your pyramid is through breadcrumb links, and URL structure. Folders can be useful for defining hierarchy.

The pages you cross link must make sense to users. Dropping in a "Children's Toy" link on a High Heels page doesn't usually make sense. Whenever you consider doing something for "keyword optimization" or "ranking" you need to consider how does this benefit a user.

Well it certainly doesn't sound natural. Is there a benefit to creating these links outside of SEO?

The error that is most problematic is when you have 404 pages that you are linking to internally and/or are found in your site map. Google reporting that an external site is linking to a 404 page isn't as damaging. If it truly is an error then a 404 is okay to have, but not preferable. If the page linking to you made an error, it would be preferable to seek out the owner of that page and ask them to fix it. However, if you can't reach the owner and if the referring website is a valuable traffic source and/or that link juice is important then, yes, add a 301 redirect.

ahref.com and majesticseo.com both keep historical linking data. You could use these tools as well to determine if you have any inbound links that are not being redirected.

So the root domain authority is an average of the domain? Isn't Root Domain just the Root of the domain, not the entire domain?

So just curious, but on my domain, http://www.bulwarkpestcontrol.com the Page Authority is 59 and the root domain authority 52. That seems odd as it is the same page. Explanation?

Have you tried creating a redirect rule for each of the folders? From you example above the "post-name" has remained consistent. Therefore if you create a redirect from each folder then you should see a proper resolution with just appending the "post-name"

You need a 301 redirect from a www to a non www. Or vice-versa.

You need to read this article: http://www.seomoz.org/learn-seo/redirection

Here is some help if you have a windows server:

http://www.seomoz.org/q/301-redirect-on-windows-iis-help-part-2

A Canonical tag can be used when the split pages are the same pages but with two different URLs. So site.com/sneakers.php and site.com/sneakers, here you could create a canonical tag to let the bots know which page you'd prefer them to index.

Read more here: http://www.seomoz.org/learn-seo/canonicalization

I wouldn't advise a canonical. That's not really the purpose of canonical tags. If the page isn't ranking or has no real value then a no-index isn't going to hurt you. What you really need to decide is if the old page is still relevant and useful. If it isn't relevant or useful any longer than you should 301 redirect it. If the content is similar and still relevant, but you don't want it to compete with the new content then you no index it. If the content is relevant and significantly different then you may want to leave it live and link to the new page.

Without seeing the content this is hard to determine, but guessing where you are trying to go with this I'd say a 301 sounds most appropriate.

As long as your redirect is working then it doesn't create a problem for the bots. They can read the 301 redirect.

.....Now if you want to confuse the bots a bit then use a 302. And then turn the site on and off at leisure. Kidding...

My advice is find the higher converting less competitive terms. Individuals that are search for "Denver Highlands Neighborhood Homes for Sale" are further along in their buying decision than "Denver Homes for Sale". The shorter phrases are more often window shopping. The more detailed the phrase, the more likely they will enter the store and make a purchase. Plus, if you do it right, it is much harder to get knocked knock out by a competitor when you are the first to capitalize on a unique search. If you find some gold in "Denver Lofts for Sale" then try dominating that term.

Large rivers are made up from very small streams.

You pay a "ghost writer" to be invisible. Therefore you claim the content as your own. If the content is original quality content than it could and most like would boost your authority. But author rank is more than just having a lot of content published by you, it is about influence. So simply writing a lot of good content does not make you an influencer. Your influence and in turn author rank are based on the citations you receive and the traffic you command.

Back to your 'ghost writer" question. Ghost writers have been used on and offline for sometime now. It seems to be a generally acceptable practice. But this does not mean that Google does or will always accept this. So if you were to ask me if this were acceptable, then I would judge this by how much you are contributing to the content.

An alternative method would be to set up a "persona" as the writer. This is justified by saying authors use pen names. Indeed, Franklin once wrote newspaper columns under a pen name in his early years for fear his age would discredit his work. But this "persona" approach may also run a risk with google.

So pick one or the other, and stick with your story.

You should certainly fix this. You don't want google having to guess what you are trying to tell them. For the most part they will probably get it right, especially in your case with the 404s. But if this is occurring too frequently then they may begin to ignore your canonicals all together. Or worse, you may loose some google trust.

I'd put this on my fix it list.

Here is my 2012 short list:

1. Videos - Creation of videos. And optimization for youtube.
2. Videos - Dynamic insertion of videos on site and conversion tracking with/per video
3. Completion of a niche network and adding 1000 members.

Looking forward to another great year.

Really?...

Start with the basics.

• Comfortable leather seats.

• Large Duel Screens

• Frig and Microwave

Upgrades

• Stocked Frig

• Multiple Stall Bathroom

Posh

• Creative Room - Would include music, Art couch... maybe even paintbrush, video camera, digital camera, piano, books, magizines

-  Strategy Room - Wall of reference books, Board Games with game table, more of a quite feel.

• Social Butterfly room - Bar, bar stools, Soda fountain, chips, dips... if it were AZ I would include a Shaved Ice machine.

But really... I am all about the duel monitors with right webmaster suite programs and I am happy... Phone would be optional.

If phrase match = "red cars"

Google will show your ad for phrases that contain the exact phrase "red cars".

So the search "Songs about red cars" would show your ads.

Your two examples: "cars that are red" and "cars with red" don't actually contain your exact phrase "red cars" so they should not be showing up. Your negative keywords should still apply to the phrase match.