Just to let you know. I have been doing SEO since about 2000 and posting every day in SEO forums since about 2002. I run websites that get millions of visitors per month. I have seen and solved lots of different SEO problems.
Still, when I have to make any important decision, an important repair, a change in the site, or even if I am just looking for ways to improve. I regularly consult with people who know more about these things than me. I often consult with two people on the same problem. Why? I run a few sites but they do SEO on MANY sites. Their experience is broad and they have seen many things that I have not.
I consult with at least one of them every week. Sometimes two or three. I am waiting to get on a call with one of them today. SEO is a highly technical, highly competitive business. Nobody knows everything. One piece of knowledge can increase the income of your site by thousands of dollars a month and millions over time.
You are being sent out to fight the heavyweight champ alone.
Your boss needs to understand this. Share some of the comments you receive here with your boss. I am not trying to sell you anything. I only work on my own sites. Just telling you what I have learned to be valuable.
I give you lots of credit for coming here to ask questions. As you learning and have questions post them here when people can help you. But, small questions about a single topic are the best. You can get quick answers.
Look at many questions here everyday. Subscribe to them so you learn answers. You should read everything that penalty experts like Marie Haynes write. Here is one of her sites and a good place to begin. http://www.mytrafficdropped.com/
She sometimes answers questions here in Q&A. Read penalty questions going back to about 2011 to hear what might affect your site. She has written many good posts on the moz blog. Here is a simple one about penalties.
Your boss should read it too.
http://moz.com/blog/google-algorithm-cheat-sheet-panda-penguin-hummingbird
You will also find that people, even experienced ones with lots of clients and websites under their care will not agree. Why? Because nobody knows exactly how search engines work and how they will respond to changes on a website. There is a lot of guessing but different people guess about different things and different people know about different things. That is why I regularly seek advice from others, here and in private.
Good luck in your work.