Moz had a similar caching issue one week ago (/ugc/ content cached instead of /blog/ pages). They posted this question on Webmaster forum - may be the answers can help you find a solution (there was an answer from John Mu as well).

Dirk

Hreflang is reciprocal - so if page A indicates page B as equivalent - page B has to declare page A as equivalent.

If I understand your question well - you want to have 2 English pages with a hreflang pointing to the same Spanish page. This is not possible.

Dirk

Hi

Google is being nice & is doing exactly what you ask it to do.

Example: http://www.customlogocases.com/custom-motorola-phone-cases-printed-logo/ - in the source you put:

rel="canonical" href="http://www.customlogocases.com/custom-motorola-phone-cases-printed-logo/?limit=all"/>

So - you ask google to show http://www.customlogocases.com/custom-motorola-phone-cases-printed-logo/?limit=all in the search results rather than http://www.customlogocases.com/custom-motorola-phone-cases-printed-logo/

Update the canonical & remove the limit=all & the problem will be solved.

Dirk

To be honest - I would change web designer. Making your site responsive is all about reformatting your existing content to make sure the layout adapts to the used device. The main work is done in the css - not in the HTML.As far as I understand your question your webdesigner is duplicating the same content in the HTML, which normally shouldn't be done in order to make your site responsive.

To answer your question - the content will be appearing twice - once visible - once hidden depending on the device /type of Google bot. Google could consider this as spamming, or just ignore the part which is hidden, difficult to tell. You will in any case have a bloated HTML code which could have an impact on the load times of the page.

Dirk

Not sure if it's going to work but Karolina Netolicka seems to be product manager for Google Finance - you could try to contact her via her Google Plus Account - alternatively send her an invite / Inmail to her Linkedin Profile - she's also the one who posts on the Google Finance Blog

If you know the syntax of general Google adresses - you could try that as well (very often it's something like firstname@google.com or (firstletterfirstname)familyname@google.com)

Good luck,

Dirk

Your robots.txt file is used to give instructions to bots visiting to your site - which parts can/cannot be visited.

If your page is in the cache - you are probably allowing the bots to visit the page (else it wouldn't be there). The reason why you are redirected to the homepage should have another cause. Are you using a meta-refresh? Javascript or htaccess redirects?

You could try to check what's happening by copying the cache url in httpstatus.io - url to use is

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3A< <insert your="" encoded="" url="" here="">- to encode your url you can use http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/dencoder/</insert>

Dirk

To quote Google: Duplicate content generally refers to substantive blocks of content within or across domains that either completely match other content or are appreciably similar.

Having one image on two different posts - even when alt & title are identical will hardly qualify as duplicate content. A lot of sites (even well known publishers) are reusing the same images on their pages - if you're talking about stock photos - these are used on millions of sites. You won't be able to rank them for Image Search - but they won't hurt you either.

Dirk