Regarding the GCLIDs, you'll want to update  your Google AdWords campaigns and anywhere else you can updated the URLs to the new HTTPs version of your site.

Whenever you use a 301 Permanent Redirect  you typically lose the referrer data, so that's why you're going to see issues with the referrers.

Federico is right, it's not necessarily how often you post, but what you post. Keep in mind, though, that typically just posting is not enough: make sure that you do some extra promotion of each post, like adding it to your Twitter account, Facebook account, Google Plus account, etc. so that there are links and social media mentions going to each post.

Whenever you deal with links, even though I really like OSE, typically we have to compile all of the link data from multiple sources. We typically use OSE, Majestic, ahrefs, Google Search Console, as well as others and compile all of the links into one spreadsheet and then look at them there. Different sites have different crawlers and no one source is the most accurate.

When it comes to duplicate content, Google typically compares one web page versus another web page. So, if the site does have a different company name (franchise name) and carries a different set of products or a some similar products, then it sounds as if the pages on the site won't be considered duplicates. They may be similar, but not necessarily duplicates. It would be best to make sure that each site doesn't use the same exact web design template, as well.

You can run the site through Copyscape.com and Siteliner.com to identify duplicate content issues with the sites. Most good writers will be able to write the content in a way that talks about the same products or services but doesn't include the same text as other sites.

Jarred,

Whenever you move to a new domain name Google will keep the old domain name indexed for up to a year (or longer!). It's just the way that Google does it, I suspect that it's because you may change your mind and go back to the old domain.

Having the old domain indexed in Google isn't a problem, as users should be redirected to the content on the new domain.

It will take up to a year for Google to stop indexing the old domain.

By the way, make sure you use the Google Change of Address Tool in Google Search Console, it will really help.

Your best bet is to make sure you comply with Google's guidelines, the Bing guidelines are typically similar.

It also depends on how the business relationship is set up. If they're independent contractors of the company then it would be different than if they were employees of the company.

Generally speaking, we typically recommend setting up "suite numbers" for the business location, and those need to be clearly marked at the location. I have heard of cases where Google has looked to make sure that this is the case.

Generally speaking, if that's the only H1 tag that is going to be on the page, then it should be just fine. I would style the text so that it looks appropriate for the page and looks like the rest of the breadcrumb text on the page. An alternative would be to select another location, such as the sidebar somewhere towards the top of the page, and include a heading as an H1.

What I believe you're seeing is information taken from the knowledge graph. Wikipedia is a data source of the knowledge graph (there are a lot of sources), so it's logical that Google would include that information in their results.