Hello Jesus Duran,
There is a lot of talk right now and you will find a lot of bias answers all over the web. While many tactics work for many scenarios I highly suggest you use the following tactics.
Read up on these factors.
1. Onpage SEO -
A. Over optimization
B. Keyword Density
C. SEO friendly URL Structure
D. Inner Linking
E. RSS Feeds - how to proper utilize them. I have boosted a site to a 50 DA off of RSS feeds alone due to feed burner and many other feeds etc.. Make sure you learn how to set these up correctly.
F. Blog - utilize wordpress, learn everything you can about wordpress for your blog. Learn the best SEO plugins to use
G. Meta Tags - Make sure you use an SEO friendly title. Again many have a lot of opinions on this and honestly I use the following Keyword | Keyword | Keyword and it has never failed me. I hold ranks for terms like payday loans, cash loans, cash advance, cheap SEO, affordable SEO, CRM, CRM software, and 1000's of others. I am not saying I know it all by any means, but I have had my fair share of experience on what works. Make sure your description will really pull people in for conversion purposes when they read it. You can use other forms like - or , etc.. Many will work, but I feel the | is the best, but again that is my personal preference not a fact.
H. Content - Make sure your using proper content techniques for conversion purposes and SEO purposes both. This is very tricky sometimes, but you will know when you have it, this can take some fine tuning before you get it right.
That is a great start to onpage SEO. Many will tell you Onpage is everything and it's what you need to rank. I have a case study after the penguin 2.0 update that just happened here http://dailyseotip.com/what-other-marketing-firms-want-you-to-believe-that-isnt-true/3356/ and I encourage you to read it. It will prove that Onpage SEO isn't everything and if your offpage SEO is strong enough it will easily make up for bad OnpageSEO.
2. Offpage SEO
There is a fine line on what to do here, on what works, what will not work, and what will not work every 3 months when Google makes another update lol. Offpage SEO involves quality backlinks. A backlink is a link leading from another site to yours.
Research the following.
A. Anchor text diversity - This is very important. I suggest that you build to your brand name, domain name - many variations of it, natural terms like click here, visit now, etc..
B. Platform Diversity - Many people make the mistake of using 1 type of platform to submit to and this may work, but doesn't end well. Google does look for this, I had a case study in 2012 that proved this floating around somewhere.
C. IP diversity - Try to submit to many websites not just the same one over and over.
D. Press Releases, sites like prweb.com is a very reputable company, but is also very expensive. You can submit to some high authority free press sites, but I wouldn't make a habit of it, these sites generally don't have very good moderators due to so many people submitting all day. I feel a lot of these in the future will get penalized for allowing low quality content to go through. When you write a press release, make sure that you are writing it in 3rd person and you have a catchy title, example title " XYZ Company Just Lowered Their Prices By 50%" and of course there are many different ones you can use. Never use your keywords in a press release. A press release can get many backlinks for your website if submitted properly. The last thing you want is for your anchor text diversity to shoot up to 17% or something high along those lines. Make sure you use brand names, urls, etc..
E. Guest Posts - There is a very fine line on what is ethical and what isn't. When you write a guest post, don't write an article just to write it. Make sure you are putting something out on the web that is informative. Ask yourself this, will your article help someone else achieve something other than making them bored lol. Make sure that it's catchy, try to write about new stuff on the market. I highly suggest myblogguest.com Ann Smarty is a great person and her team of moderators read over your content as much as possible and make sure that you aren't just submitting to submit and others would like this. They also check over grammar which is important for me since mine is terrible lol. They will help teach you the ins and outs of writing. Link to popular sites like .gov, edu, MOZ.com and other high authority sites on the web. Try to place your anchor in the byline and don't get to greedy. Only use 1 anchor per guest post.
Don't get sucked into software spam tactics like 1000 social bookmarks, spammy blog posts, low quality directory sites. Here is a good list of quality directory sites http://www.dirjournal.com/blog/business-directory-deals/ these were rated by SEOMOZ a while back and I have personally utilized some that were relevant for some of my websites. Only use high quality white hat tactics!
Oh and listen to Rand Fishkin hes a smart person
While there is a lot more to SEO than this, I feel this is a great start for anyone right now after the Penguin 2.0 update.
Also, that guide you mentioned is a great guide, however there is a lot in their that isn't needed for SEO like social media links. Again read my case study and you will see why I am saying this. If you have a limited budget or time ,this isn't where I would spend my time or money at. Sure it's great to have, but I hold very competitive ranks for sites without a single social site linked to it at all. No likes, not tweets, etc.. Social marketing has nothing to do with organic SEO, now I am not saying it won't in the future, but it does't right now and my case study proves it over and over again.
I hope everyone enjoys reading this and it can help some others along the way.
Matthew Boley