Ok, this is how I look at the situation.

1. ABC.com
2. ABC.com/index.php

So you have two URLs and the question is either to redirect301 or use canonical? In my opinion 301 is a better solution and this is because it will not only redirect people to the preferred version but the link value as well.

Whereas, with canonicals only search engines will know what is the preferred page but it will not transfer the link value which can help you with organic rankings.

Hope this helps!

In your given scenario the best idea is to leave a message a t the top of the page that the product is discontinued and for new products take them to the new products page. Leaving them no follow or follow is up to you.

1. If you will leave them follow with a custom message that will take them to a relevant page will help decrease the overall bounce rate of the website.
2. If you no-follow them it slowly and gradually will be no index from the Google and the traffic that was coming from search engine to those pages will be discounted.

If I would be at your place, I would have designed the powerful message with bright color at the top of the page and will leave them follow as this will allow some of the traffic on that page to move to other areas of the website.

Hope this helps!

Hey Wayne,

Again there is no rule for it but the censorship and keeping the article quality alive is in your hand. I have seen articles that contain 5 links in total and still contain the quality on the other hand there are articles where 2 links does not make sense.

You said 5 link all going to one money making site, this sounds fishy to me!

Hope this helps!

There are tools that uses Cloud based IP so that they can get result exact from that location that includes tools like advanced web rankings and Rank Watch.

Try any of these tools and I think you will be able to see the results from certain locations.

Hope this helps!

P.S. VPN is also a good option!

I will totally agree with EGOL's idea. If the website speed time is fine you don't really have to go for all the non important code ethics and everything.

As far as I see your website I see images are getting indexed (not all of them but they are in the Google search index). Why are they not appearing in the search results when someone type in related keyword is a different question. If you are looking for that my advice would be to use proper, optimized and natural anchor text instead of targeting keywords all the time.

Also try to change the name of the images to something more relevant. “liposuction.jpg is much better than big-imagejpg”

Hope this helps!