Correct. It's pretty much US focused, per their "how" page:
Q: Do you support listings in all countries?
A: Moz Local currently supports U.S. business listings only.

I don't know if they're planning on expanding though.

Hi. Typically you should have some idea of the keywords a page is targeting, i.e. What is it called? What's the title tag say? What's the content of the page? And so on.  Also, in general, you can model your pages using a break down of Moz' http://moz.com/learn/seo/on-page-factors where applicable for your content.  If you have a list of keywords that you're trying to rank for, have you associated that list with different pages on your site?  That would at least give you a start.

It sounds like you'll want to contact your cart platform regarding that.  That example you sent also uses CDN instead of CAD, so maybe that's part of it.

You can use both interchangeably. Search engines can parse a domain name like appleandoranges.com into apple and oranges fairly quickly with a few other signals. That's just an example though, when using whatever it is that you're trying to rank you'll need to take into consideration the strengths of the results that are currently in place: backlink profile, social presence, on-going work, etc.  Cheers!

Hi Uzair. Per Google, most punctuation is ignored (https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/2466433) the & sign included. That said, a lot of times you'll see the & symbol in title tags due to it being shorter than 'and' and thus allowing more characters. In most cases the differences between using 'and' vs '&' are so miniscule you won't have to spend any time optimizing for them as separate entities.  Cheers!

These guides should serve you pretty well: http://moz.com/pages/search_results?q=checklist  A lot of what you do depends on the situation.

Hi Alec. I'd use the Link Intersect tab on the Link Opportunities tool in Open Site Explorer: https://moz.com/researchtools/ose/opportunities/link-intersect?site=yoursitehere.com, to compare your site with some of your competitors. In this way you'll find sites that are more like niche hubs for your topic and get an insight into how and why sites in your field are gaining links. These types of sites (or just pages within a site) make up more links than the classic directories like DMOZ or Yahoo.  Cheers!

You'll want to avoid creating pages that are keyword stuffed that then point back to your site as you'll be creating a page that could become a negative signal as an inbound link to your site, similar to a spammy link on a different domain.  Moz covers this pretty well in their Search Engine Myths and Misconceptions here: http://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/myths-and-misconceptions-about-search-engines, specifically, "One of the most obvious and unfortunate spamming techniques, keyword stuffing, involves littering keyword terms or phrases repetitively on a page in order to make it appear more relevant to the search engines. As discussed above, this strategy is almost certainly ineffectual.

Scanning a page for stuffed keywords is not terribly challenging, and the engines' algorithms are all up to the task. You can read more about this practice, and Google's views on the subject, in a blog post from the head of their web spam team: SEO Tip: Avoid Keyword Stuffing."  Even if you have one degree of separation it's still not a benefit and not a best, or safe, practice.

That is odd. I'm unfamiliar with that markup other than as an RSS emulation here: https://gist.github.com/jonathantneal/5096851 and used with RSS / Atom feeds: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287.  Maybe your forum software is doing them in this way in order to provide users with the corresponding RSS feed when subscribing to the post.  I'd look into the documentation for your forum software to try and get a better insight into why it's there.  Cheers!