There's no set time, typically it can take a week or two, I've seen it take a month or longer though to completely noindex all desired results on bigger sites.

There's no harm in re-submtting the site,  try submitting URL and all linked pages via webmaster tools, it may help get crawled a little faster.

Try a combination of Google Webmaster Tools, Bing Webmaster Tools and OSE. (If you had access to Majestic why not mine that source also) Throw all results in a spread sheet and remove duplicates.

Try adding &gl=(country code) to the URL at the end of the Google search query.

For example:

&gl=uk for United Kingdom

&gl=us for United States

&gl=au for Australia

I think it gets a bit spammy when you have 2,3 or more dashes in a domain name, the only reason you'd need that many is to make a super keyword rich domain name.

As above, until Google release a disavow link tool, the only way to remove a link is to have it removed from the linking website. Have you tried contacting the sites directly?

These links are not editorial earned but I have mixed feelings about them, here's why:

I don't have a problem when a designer ads one text or image link with their brand name in the footer, as long as the client is happy with it. If you've designed an awesome site that link may act as lead gen.

However, I have noticed designers getting a bit crazy with this and adding multiple (2,3,4 more) keyword rich text links (web design, web development, web deigners location etc etc) in footers which I really do have a problem with as they are only there for one reason. It looks spammy on the client's site and may actually get their site penalised.