To quote Google: Duplicate content generally refers to substantive blocks of content within or across domains that either completely match other content or are appreciably similar.

Having one image on two different posts - even when alt & title are identical will hardly qualify as duplicate content. A lot of sites (even well known publishers) are reusing the same images on their pages - if you're talking about stock photos - these are used on millions of sites. You won't be able to rank them for Image Search - but they won't hurt you either.

Dirk

The answer doesn't change - even after the update the totals of clicks for the individual keywords will in most cases not correspond to the total number of clicks which is listed above the list. I just did a quick check on our properties - and there doesn't seem to be a significant change.

Hreflang is reciprocal - so if page A indicates page B as equivalent - page B has to declare page A as equivalent.

If I understand your question well - you want to have 2 English pages with a hreflang pointing to the same Spanish page. This is not possible.

Dirk

In that case it will reinforce the domain (like any external link to any page on the domain).

It's just that a link to domain.com/es/page will not count as a link to domain.com/en/page even when they are "linked" via the hreflang tag. Idem where the domains are different. ex domain.es/page & domain.co.uk/page - a link to .es page will not count for the .co.uk page (and domain) even when they are connected via the hreflang.

Dirk

Not sure if what Dmitrii is stating is correct.
If you check the comments here https://www.distilled.net/blog/distilled/distilledlive-london-a-few-thoughts-on-hreflang/ they state:
" hreflang anotations do not consolidate link equity." (source: Maile Ohye (Google's Developer Programs Tech Lead) at SES London) "Hreflang was not designed to consolidate link authority" (source John Mu - chat with David Sottimano)

Also on Moz - Gianluca seems to be convinced of the same - https://moz.com/community/q/will-website-with-tag-hreflang-pass-link-juice-to-other-country-language-version-of-website -

Dirk

Hi Ruben,

You could translate the full site or only part of it (focussing on the most important parts). Only putting a translated homepage is an option but will not help you much in terms of SEO & isn't really great for user experience either.

You shouldn't worry about duplicate content if you translate the content to Spanish (and certainly don't put canonicals to the English version). In multilingual countries (like mine) it's more or less the standard approach. If you want to make it very obvious for Google (and the other search engines) you can use the hreflang tags. Check here for more info https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/189077?hl=en or here: https://moz.com/learn/seo/hreflang-tag

Personally I wouldn't put the Spanish version on a brand new domain - as it implicates that you'll have to build your reputation almost from scratch - rather use a folder on your main domain (domain.com/es/ ) - this way the Spanish pages will benefit from the reputation of your current site. You could use the Spanish domain as vanity url & redirect it to the Spanish version

Would also add a link on each page - pointing to the version of that page in the other language or (if only partially translated) - to the homepage of the other language.

If you have questions let me know.

Dirk

It's always this way - if you add up the clicks of the individual keywords about 50% of the clicks are missing. Google gives some reasons here (like privacy reasons) but they can hardly explain the (huge) differences. 
See it from the positive side - at least you have some visibility on the keywords...

Dirk

You can use Screaming Frog for this (and much more). It's not free but is great tool to check the SEO health of your site as well.
Trial is free (up to 500 url's).
To generate the sitemap - crawl  your site with following settings:
Configuration > Spider > Advanced tab: select:

• always follow redirects
• respect noindex
• respect canonical

After crawl - under the Sitemaps you can create the XML & image sitemaps.

Dirk

@Seoman10 - don't really agree with your answer:

1. Targeting the us market with a .com.au extension doesn't make sense (source https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/62399)

"If your site has a generic top-level domain, such as .com or .org, you can help us determine which countries are most important to you. If your site has a country-coded top-level domain (such as .ie or .fr) it is already associated with a geographic region (in this example, Ireland or France). If you use a country-coded domain, you won't be able to specify a geographic location. "

2. Duplicate content on different TLD's if they target different countries / languages can be handled using hreflang tags (check https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/189077) in combination with geotargeting (check https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/182192?hl=en#2)

Dirk