I like Alan's answer. A couple direct answers to questions you raised:

From a website architecture stand point, there is no difference between a category page and a content page. They are both web pages and it's up to you, as the site owner, to determine how they can be utilized to best present your product.

From a content stand point, there is no right or wrong answer, but there are best practices. On the one end, some site owners use category pages purely as an organizational tool. Let's say you find a site about "beverages". There could be a categories for Coffee, Tea and Juice. There are three ways you can use the Tea page:

1. Content Separator. The Tea category would only be viewable from a main index page which allows visitors to see how your content is organized. The category page would not be reachable per se. "Tea" would be text, not a hyperlink. I think this usage is a missed opportunity from a web design perspective.

2. Content Index. The Tea category would be used to provide links to all the Tea pages. Some websites would choose to simply add links to their various tea pages. Other sites choose to offer high level information about each tea, along with the link. The latter choice works pretty well.

3. Content. You can use your category page to provide content. When I look up [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea]Wikipedia's Tea page[/url] there is a lot of information which can all be included on your Tea page.

It really depends on the balance you wish to achieve for your site. What is the focus? Is "Tea" something you want to sell or educate your visitors about? Or is "Tea" a road marker used to guide readers to the real destination.

You asked "Do I link FROM my category page to my content pages or do I link from my content page to my category page".

My answer would be, both. Let's say "Bill's Black Tea" was one of your products. On your Black Tea category page, you would use anchor text to link to Bill's Black Tea. You might say "If you want a smooth tasting tea, try Bill's Black Tea". Your anchor text would be "Bill's Black Tea" which would link to that page.

From the Bill's Black Tea page, you may make a general statement such as "Connoisseurs of black tea will appreciate the smooth taste of Bill's Black Tea" with "black tea" being anchor text back to the category page.

You asked a great question. The answer requires some high level thinking on your part. Do you want your site to be an educational resource for visitors, and your site happens to also sell tea? Or are you a tea merchant who offers high level information about the products you offer?

There is not a right or wrong answer. It's market positioning.

Regarding a bridge page, Google's policies are quite clear and can be located here: http://support.google.com/adwordspolicy/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=190435

In brief, the defining factor is whether or not your web page offers a true value to users. Are your reviews authentic, unique and sincerely helpful? Are they well presented? If so, then it would not be considered a bridge page.

How many affiliate links is considered too many?

Too many for what exactly? Are you trying to rank your website in organic search? If so you need to understand each link you add detracts from the overall link value of your page.

Too many for users? Begin by using your best judgement and perform A/B testing.

In short, if you configure your site to provide the most authentic value for users and you succeed, Google will not have any problem with your site. If you attempt to manipulate your users or Google, then you are risking a penalty.

Both Alan and Egol's views are valid.

Text to HTML should never be a consideration on it's own. At no point should you ever think "I need to cut back on my HTML code because there is not enough content to support it".

The important factors would be:

• Is your HTML coded valid? You can check your HTML at http://validator.w3.org/. Invalid html can cause issues for crawlers and users.

• As Alan suggested, is your code readable by crawlers? You can offer a beautiful Flash page, but if a crawler can't read it then you wont do well from a SEO perspective without the supporting HTML for non-Flash users and crawlers.

• Is your code efficient? You can use Page Speed or a similar tool to evaluate your page's loading speed. Many aspects of the speed will focus on the efficiency of the code.

Hi Derrick.

Both James and Ryan offer sound advice. I'll add just a bit.

Let's say you have an online store selling tennis supplies. Your store is a bunch of pages which can change a bit with the addition of a new product, but for the most part remain static. If you add a blog and offer a couple  quality articles per week, you have a chance to offer articles such as "Beginner's Guide To Tennis", "How to Choose a Tennis Racket", "How to Avoid Tennis Injuries" along with countless other topics.

You would be sharing your wisdom on a subject where you have expertise. When users seek this knowledge by typing in a search query such as "best tennis racket" they may find your "How to Choose a Tennis Racket" article where you mentioned "the best tennis racket for teenagers is the Wilson 1000". Your article would also contain a link to the Wilson 1000 where an interested reader could buy the item.

You would generate traffic for your site that you otherwise might not see. Also, users have an opportunity to ask you questions. Someone could ask "what is the best racket for a 30 yr old woman with a short reach?". You can then engage potential customers in a manner that your storefront site alone cannot do.

Use the SEOmoz crawl report.

Let Roger loose on your site, then when the report is available, filter the excel file on the broken link field. Then check the "referrer" field for each broken link. The referrer field will show the page where the broken link was discovered.

You can then use the SEOmoz bar to highlight the links on a page. Sometimes a link isn't obvious as it is hidden. In those cases you can always right-click on the page and choose View Page Source from the options, then search for the link.

Google truncates the URL at the hashmark. Using your example they treat the URL as www.domain.com/abc

While every search engine is their own private company and can do as they wish, it seems reasonable that most, if not all, follow Google's process.

I have several blog posts that I want to publish (40 or so). For freshness is it better to stagger their publication over several months or is it fine to publish them all at the same time.

I would publish them all at once, but I think you are asking the wrong question.

Why do you have 40 blog posts? I am willing to bet the quality of these posts are poor. You may feel the articles are average, above average or even "good", but that is not even close to acceptable in today's world. When you perform a Google search for the keyword focus of most articles, thousands and perhaps millions of results are returned. Your goal is to land on page 1 of those results. You need "best on the web" content.

It often takes a full 8 hour day or more to write a top quality article. These types of articles don't accumulate. In every case a site owner has shared with me they had 40 articles to publish, they were your average 500 word internet articles being cranked out by a team of content writers, and the articles were never going to reach the top of any competitive keyword search.

I am also concerned about closing comments. You are denying your readers to engage the article and offer valuable content and ideas. This frequently happens when the site owner fears what readers might say. I would suggest a different strategy where you feel comfortable receiving comments.

I made a couple intuitive guesses in my response. If I am mistaken, I apologize.

The first item we need to know: is this human translated content? Or is Google Translate or another similar tool being used?

If you are using auto-translated content, it wont rank. It is a violation of search engine guidelines. If you are using human translated content, ensure the translations are high quality. A few items to check:

• the translation should target a specific country rather then a specific language. Search engines results are provided by country such as Google France, Google UK, etc. Dialects of the same language also vary greatly by country such as Spanish from Mexico and Spain are quite different.

• the translation should account for the targeted countries monetary units and systems of measurement

• the translation should account for local customs, traditions, politics, etc.

• the page should use the proper language meta tags

• you will need to make a decision regarding content presentation. Will you use a unique subdomain? Or present the translated content in a folder?

There are numerous articles related to providing duplicate content in translated form. I suggest a quick site search will yield lots of results.

Artience Girl, the information shared by Shane, Aaron and Lewis is correct.

Google wants to see the same page as it would be shown to a user under the same circumstances. If Google is crawling your page from San Jose California, then they want to see what a user from San Jose would see. If they decide to later crawl your site from their center in London, they want to see your site as it would be seen by a London user. The geo-targeting redirects you are presently doing are fine.

If you were to write any code which says to always show the Google crawler the US version of your site, then that tactic would be defined as cloaking. Any time you write code to specifically identify a crawler and show it different content, then you are cloaking.

It seems you are a bit uncomfortable with the answers so let me set you at ease by sharing a Matt Cutts response to your question: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFf1gwr6HJw

In short, the content contained in iframes will not be indexed. It's a really bad idea from a SEO perspective. I use iframes when I intentionally am trying to keep certain content from being indexed.