Those are good ways to add variant keyword links to those pages.

A) Is it Women's Widgets used naturally in the posts?  If you are going to use the phrase you might as well link with it.  While you don't want every link on the site to have the same exact anchor text, the threshold for onsite is very, very high.  It's when you get to offsite links where things get messy quickly.

B) I would not link with the long tail.  This would be like claiming that you are the best golfer in the room, but then telling everyone that this other person is the best golfer in the roof.  Doing it once probably wouldn't be a big deal, but I always aim to keep on the safe side of things.

C) I wouldn't use your company name as the link, but you could use words in close proximity.  This could help keep things well rounded.

Another thing to consider is the overall frequency.  If you have 5 pages using the exact match link, assuming it can be used naturally, then it isn't a big deal.  If you have 20+, then I would definitely consider keeping things well rounded with proximity links.

It's tough to answer your question simply because I don't know your sites overall strategy.  What keywords are you targeting, and how are you targeting them currently type information.  This isn't something I'd ask you to do in a public setting like this forum

My personal suggestion would be to find a SEO Mentor.  Someone you can ask questions of to learn yourself, but not directly hire.  With the potential partnerships your site offers it would be reasonable for someone to take you under their wing in hopes of generating clients through you.

I haven't reviewed all of the comments on this post thoroughly, but I thought it was imperative to mention this.  If you are paying someone to review your product they are required by law, at least in the U.S., to acknowledge that.  Not doing so would be violating FTC guidelines, and bring on potential fines.

Source:

http://www.business.ftc.gov/documents/bus71-ftcs-revised-endorsement-guideswhat-people-are-asking

SEMRush.com has a tool for that.  It will only show the terms that you rank in the top 20 for, but it is a good starting point. From there you can supplement the rest of the keywords with Webmaster Tools.

That's a tough one since you work in house for an eCommerce website.  The reason why it is so beneficial for an agency is that anything I learn that really works can help build a reputation, which leads to more customers.  You won't get that from the conference.

You will definitely learn something from the presenters at Search Love.  All of the speakers are by invite online, and they are the best of the best.  There are also a couple of ecommerce experts speaking.  You will get some of the latest information on product pages, and A/B testing at the conference.

Internet Marketing Ninjas have bought a few forums in the past years, and kept them going. Webmasterworld.com is the most prevalent of these.  That was the forum that lead to the creation of Pubcon.

What service do you provide?  Are you a SEO?  Would you be interested in having other agencies out source to you?

Just being frank, the real value of these conferences are in the networking.  You can buy the presentation video later, but you can't buy the experience.  Do you have a group of people that you can email and get suggestions from?  How many people do you know in the industry?  Are they blogging?  You can learn a lot, and meet a lot of people going to these things.

So, yes I believe that Search Love would absolutely be worth going.  Just be ready to step up to the opportunity, and make the most out of it.  Ask questions of the presenters, meet people and engage in the social gatherings.

They don't have a specific algorithm for it, but best practice is to keep them as short as possible.  When you build your slugs ask yourself if a searcher could guess what this page is about based on the shorter slug.  If they probably couldn't, then you would probably want add as little as possible so they could guess it.

The title should effectively communicate it, and the slug should reflect it.  Also, remember that the rules for titles is even shorter with one of Google's recent updates with larger titles in the SERPs.

First off, duplication doesn't matter.  Hopefully your title and slug are about the same topic.

That being said, my goal for the title is to be catchy, and my goal for the slug is to succinctly reflect that.  A basic practice you can do is take the title, remove the stop words, and that's your title.  No need to use words like the, in, on or a in a link.  Just adds unnecessary dashes, and makes it longer.  There's always exceptions to this, but in general this is what I practice for good results.

Facebook ads could be a good place to start.  You can target people that have an interest in different languages.  Drive traffic to the Mandarin site by targeting people who have expressed an interest in Chinese Language.  Continue with the rest of them.  You will want to experiment with different landing page and advertisement combos.  Find out what level of competency those ads are delivering, and create a message that meets that skill level.  Maybe something like "I used this one trick to learn Mandarin in X amount of time."  Create a video explaining how it works, and why it will help them.Expert = Refresher

Beginner = Learn

As for SEO, which also has great potential, you have some problems to tackle first.

1. All of your sites are use the same template, are hosted on the same account and show registrant.  This makes it obvious that you are creating your own link network, which is sketchy regardless of hiding this or not.  You then link to your other pages with keyword rich text.  These are two big signs of link manipulation, so you will probably get held back.

I would suggest moving everything to one site, 301 redirecting all the other websites to their new pages on the single domain, and building content out on that one domain.  Just 1-4 blog posts a week, nothing extreme.

2. Single page sites have been able to hide from penalties in the past because there isn't enough there to tell if you are spamming.  Well, things are changing, and Google is getting better at finding this.  Bigger sites with substantial content typically perform better.  Great content can help you beat out a decent amount of links.  One of my leads sites has 5 blog comments for links, but beats out sites with 100 linking domains just because I wrote better content than my competitors.

If your website is still hindered after this you will want to use a program to find your toxic links, and disavow them.

I would link "our agent" for "X Region."  We don't have exact values on how Google treats multiple links from one page to a single domain, but they have repeatedly said that there is a diminishing return.  So, limiting it to just two links will give you the majority of the value you would get anyways, and doesn't appear too spammy.

You would be better off doing your citation building manually.  That way you can ensure that the address doesn't get pushed out.  The citations that Moz utilizes are the main aggregates.  So, if an address get's put on one it will spread across a good portion of the internet.

Also, by not including a NAP onsite and in citations you will be hindering your sites ability to rank in the local results.  One of the big factors is the consistency of NAP across your website and other domains.  Not having it listed will put a wrench into this.  You have no choice, I totally understand that, but it is something to consider.

In Google Places you can turn off the address, and just have a service area listing.  If I were doing the SEO I would setup the Google Places like that, and just list the address on other less important ones.  99% of the time people won't stop by these types of services, and will just call.