I'll try answer your questions in the order you had them
- I don't think this would be a problem. It's only natural that people would set themselves to the task of fixing all of their location data at one time.
- Again, I don't think this is a problem. There are people out there who are naturally this detail oriented, and would just naturally have perfect listings.
- This could be a problem. Is your legal business name "Business Name Location?" If it is, then you shouldn't have to worry about it, but if you are trying to stuff a keyword in there you do have a problem.
- As long as you set your places profile to show that you do business at the their location you are ok with this one.
- From my experience they will just slap the local on top of my normal organic listing. The only time this doesn't happen is some of my internal pages where I get both a local and universal result.
- Social Media for SEO is still in debate, but the vast majority of SEO's agree that it does have at least a small impact. That being said, I wouldn't attribute this to your problems unless all of your competitors have massive followings with tons of interaction.
- Google isn't nice enough to announce all of their changes, so the only people that would have any idea are the ones with research departments. That being said, I haven't heard of any, but I'm sure they are constantly tweaking it. The only big announcement was Matt Cutts saying that merchant quality was going to become an indicator sometime this year.
- I can feel your pain here. My company works on a lot of businesses in the same vertical, and the CMS's in this vertical create thousands of pages with the same exact title tags. My first month is usually spent indexing the site numerous times to try find all the stray Titles that need to be changed. From my experience this will have a negative impact on your search results. I'd work quickly to fix the issue.