Hi there
To answer your first question, yes. Posting content to your website and on your blog will definitely help boost rankings and visibility for your main site, especially with relevant topics, distribution, and internal linking. Here are some ideas...
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Do some research
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What information is missing in your industry?
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What are users actively searching for?
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Where are they currently participating in conversation?
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What language do they use in search and those discussions?
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How do they digest their content?
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Here's a quick resource on content gap analysis from Edge Multimedia
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Take advantage of great tools like Open Site Explorer and SEMRush to get a handle on your competition and what's working / not working for them
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Build out content on the site based on your research
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Mind your obvious onsite SEO fundamentals (titles / meta descriptions / schema / content length and language / etc.) (resource)
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Lay your site architecture out in an easy to use / understand fashion (Information Architecture for SEO)
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Repurpose content through video / images / guides / e-books / how-tos / etc
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Take advantage of internal site search functionality
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What are users searching for on your site?
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Distribute that content through social platforms / industry blogs / email marketing
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You can try social paid advertising (based on target audience)
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Facebook
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Twitter
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Pinterest
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LinkedIn
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Also look into posting on Linked with a tagged URL giving credit to the original post on site
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Reddit
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Stumbleupon
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BuzzFeed
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You can also try sevices like Outbrain or Taboola. Lastly, check out this post from Curata - HUGE list of opportunities.
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Participate in the discussions that are happening in your industry
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Social
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You could take advantage of features like Twitter's Advanced Search and start fielding questions
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News sites
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Industry forums
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Q&As
Where you share content will heavily depend on your audience and where they are. If you're a medical business and sharing content through hair styling mediums, you're not going to have much luck. Know your audience, know what they want, write the content, and distribute/share properly. Get involved!
I'm also interested that your audience doesn't go on sites and read content - is that true? Do you have proof of it? Could it be that you're not distributing your content in the right area? I'd look at your referral traffic and social traffic and see where your pitfalls are in analytics. Are they taking the next logical step in your content? Are they taking actions you want them to take? Are they bouncing off your site? If you can answer those, you can start to see what you need to improve on!
But never give up on getting people to your site - it's your brand and your internet home - make it inviting and provide incentive for users to engage and act on content!
Hope this helps! Good luck!