Everything Eli said is spot on. Optimize your on-page and create compelling and valuable content on a regular basis focused on your customers/prospects and the links and PA/DA will follow.

Google is good at understanding the relationship between sub/primaries via linking and etc.  and some of the issues may be more of server response time for the sub and etc.

I agree w/Ross--I prefer directories. However, if the structure has been around a while and migration is difficult,  I don't see a huge benefit in migrating. Also, I believe there are some ways to use .htaccess that you can rewrite a subdomain to the directory.

See this video from Google's John Mueller for more information.

**Also, although I would also be curious to know if a subdomain inherits DA from the main domain, it probably doesn't need to be a part of the decision making process for choosing between subdomain and subfolder.  **

I know that the sub & parent share the same DA. I was under the impression that one doesn't necessarily inherit the other DA, just an accumulation of the "strength" calculated by Moz of the domain shared between the parent & subs.

According to Google’s John Mueller "No".  However, users  bouncing because of them may be a negative SEO factor (even if the videos are muted).  Some site rank high with a high bounce rate (ie - blogs). Other issues involved could be load time, accessibility and etc. I would run an a/b test with session recording and let the users decide. Good luck!

I try to structure the meta description to describe what is on the landing page in a way to encourage click-throughs under the max-constraint.  If you are shorter, no biggie! Good luck

For Google, typically between 920 and 923 pixels (or roughly 160 characters).  However, this does change periodically.

It is a factor.  In general, It is easier to rank for a keyword on an older domain name than a newer domain name if all things being equal.  However,  great content and the ability to generate inbound links and etc will win in the long run.  Remember, Google's focus is show the most relevant results to the user. A factor of this may take in account that if a website is brand new (a month or so) it may not be as "credible" as a site that has been for a few years. Take a look what Matt Cutts says from awhile ago (should still be applicable).

1. Is this related to AWS? Yes, most likely a customer on AWS scraping your site.
2. Is this something we should worry about or not?  If so what could be a solution to counter this? Monitor it. If the crawling get's ridiculous, you could have site performance issues. Could deny IP addresse(s) in .htacces or try via Robot.txt file.
3. Could this affect our Google Analytics organic traffic? If your site performance suffers, could affect organic position and decrease traffic.

Good luck!

Some questions to help you analyze:

• Was it an overall drop in traffic or for specific articles?

• Did you check your Google Search Console for any messages or did you analyze performance report or etc?

• Did you look to see any Google Algo Changes?

• Did you see any drop in Bing Organics?

• Any major site changes?

  Good luck!

Ed had a great answer. Make sure you have compelling, original content that is optimized for a potential query. Try to make it so valuable that people will want to link to it.  Focus on good internal linking to these pages and make sure that your site is responsive and fast. If you can accomplish this, you will see increases in PA/DA. Good luck!

There are many tools that do this. However, I would suggest staying away from them. Spend that money on create valuable content for the users. There will be a better long-term roi and the risk of getting a algorithmic or manual action taken against your site is greatly minimized. Good luck!

Umar has a great list. I still use Microsoft Movie Maker. It doesn't have many tools/effects some of the competitors have, but easy to use.

For filming we use a Canon Rebel SLR camera and we get decent results. Here some tips. We also use Fiverr to create some custom intro's.

Yes, stick with folders. It's much simpler and much better organization (states correct as Atlanta a city).

Yes, it's good to only have one H1 tag. However, will you get penalized for having more than one? No, just use them sparingly (according to Matt Cutts here).

Have you looked into ahrefs? I know a ton of horsepower behind it, but don't know if it can handle checking 20m. Good luck!

Traffic Sources => Overview => Hourly (inside the line graph)

No problem deleting them. Google and Yahoo does not use it as a ranking factor. Also, if stuffed could impact your rankings on Bing who uses as a spam signal.

Extremely important (and will continue to be).  Also, continue to use alt names and meta info.

It's also good to have good naming convention for image files on your site.

Alex, I prefer to have the most relevant term in the url. No big issues with what your doing except the url being a bit more difficult to understand. If you do decide on one term, I don't think you will be missing out on traffic for the other term as the rest of your on-page seems to be optimized properly for the that term as well. Good luck!

Yes, I typically always do and place it after the topic of the page:

Plagiarism Types | Brand

It helps with brand recognition.  Just remember that if is a long brand name it will get truncated. Also, make sure you have a compelling meta descriptions to improve click-throughs.

Good luck!